Adolescence
From LoveToKnow Teens
Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood, and adulthood. This period usually occurs roughly between the ages of 10 and 20.
There is no single event, or time frame that indicates the end of childhood, and the start of adulthood. Rather, the passage between the two is very fluid. There are, however, some very significant changes that take place to indicate that this metamorphosis has begun. Namely, there will be marked changes in the biological, cognitive (thinking), and emotional elements in the individual’s life.
Physical Adolescent Changes
The onset of puberty is the physical manifestation that a change from childhood immaturity to adulthood maturity has begun. Technically, puberty is defined as the process by which one is able to sexually reproduce. This is just one thread in the fabric of adolescence.
- For girls there is a substantial increase in the hormone estrogen. It is this increase in estrogen that accounts for the physical development of breasts, a curvier figure, and the onset of menarche, or, the first period. The time frame for these changes is usually between the ages of 8 and 15.
- In boys, testosterone is the primary hormone responsible for the physical changes of puberty. These changes include a rapid increase in body hair, height, and muscle mass, as well as an increase in penis size. Young men will notice that they’ve filled out more, and that penile erections occur with greater frequency.
Cognitive Changes
This is the second change in the process that is adolescence. It is here that we see great changes between the way one used to think as a child, and the way one thinks as a teenager.
| Cognitive Change | Description |
| Ability To Think Hypothetically | The individual begins to think of what is possible, instead of ,just what is. For example, "I won’t always be in high school; someday I’d like to go to graduate school". |
| Ability To Think Abstractly | Can understand the logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. You are now able to comprehend advanced reasoning, and logic. There is a greater interest in relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and issues surrounding morality. There is also a greater interest in abstract concepts, such as friendship, faith, democracy, fairness, and humanity. |
| Increased Introspection or Metacogition | Teenagers begin to think more about thinking in itself. This leads to an increase in reflection, and sometimes, self-consciousness. The downside of this process is that teens can develop a sense of ego-centrism, that is, become completely focused on themselves. This in turn leads teens to believe that everyone is watching, and judging them. Psychologists refer to this as the “imaginary audience”. |
| Things Are More Relative Than Absolute | Questioning other’s assertions becomes a way of life. You no longer just accept the “facts” as they are given to you. Parents usually refer to this as questioning just for the sake of argument. |
Emotional Changes
Emotional changes are the third leg in the adolescent process. Here we see changes in how teens view themselves and others.
- In adolescence there becomes a marked desire to establish ones own autonomy, and identity. This becomes of paramount importance, and one no longer feels obligated to run to mom and dad with every little problem. Also, you begin to see your parents as people, rather than well, just parents. This translates into being able to empathize, and sympathize when things don’t go the way they planned.
- The search for, and establishment of intimacy increases. You begin to spend a great deal of your time with friends discussing your inner most thoughts, wishes, and dreams.
- Dating too becomes very important, and this means different things at different times. Sometimes it’s a group activity with both sexes taking part, at other times a group date with other couples, and further still; it can involve a serious commitment with just one other individual.
Common Problems
Unfortunately, not all of adolescence is smooth sailing. Occasionally, some problems can arise. Here are a few examples:
- Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia or obesity
- Drug or alcohol use
- Depression or suicidal thoughts
- Violent behavior
- Anxiety, stress or sleep disorders
- Unsafe sexual activities
If any of these issues should arise, seek help from a responsible adult. They may not be able to make the problem go away, but they will be able to put you in contact with someone that can help.
A Final Word
Adolescence is a wondrous time of exploring your sense of self, learning about the connections between people, and of discovering new avenues of thinking. Take time to enjoy the process. Occasionally, there will be bumps in the road, and when those bumps arise, don’t hesitate to talk to someone. This is one of the best times of life, so go slow and enjoy your own personal journey.
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